The minor may be in higher education, or in some other field (e.g. the student's area of master's work, in another department in the College of Education, or in another College at UA), most HED minors consist of 9 units, and most minors outside of HED consist of 12 units. The minor may be formal or informal. A formal minor will appear on the final transcript and diploma. An informal minor fulfills the Higher Education program requirements for the degree but does NOT appear on the diploma. However, the informal minor does indicate the specific sub area of expertise the student has acquired. If pursuing a formal minor, the student should consult with the department offering that minor to make sure the student fulfills all minor requirements for that minor. If pursuing an informal minor, agreement simply needs to be made between the student and advisor on the appropriate classes, which can all be outside the Higher Education program or split between Higher Ed and the other department.